How should the perimeter of advice on crypto-assets under MiCA be understood, and to what extent is it comparable to the notion of investment advice under MiFID II?

In particular, do introductory services – where a person recommends a crypto-asset service provider and/or a crypto-asset service to a client, without recommending specific transactions on crypto-assets – fall within the scope of advice on crypto-assets under MiCA?

What is meant by “any material changes in the information provided in accordance with Article 23(1)” of the EuGB Regulation and “any material changes to the circumstances under which the initial authorisation was granted” under Article 6(5) of the ESGR Regulation?

What is meant by “any material changes in the information provided in accordance with Article 23(1)” of the EuGB Regulation and “any material changes to the circumstances under which the initial authorisation was granted” under Article 6(5) of the ESGR Regulation?

Which ESG rating providers established after the date of entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2024/3005 can benefit from the transitional regime under Article 51?

In advance of the date of application of the Regulation on 2 July 2026, what are the different registration pathways for ESG rating providers?