Are sub-threshold alternative investment fund managers (AIFMs) as referred to in Article 3(2) of Directive 2011/61/EU (“AIFMD”), which have chosen to opt-in to the application of the AIFMD according to Article 3(4) of that Directive, captured within the scope of application of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (“DORA”) under Articles 2(1)(k) and 2(3)(a) of DORA, if the thresholds regarding assets under management (“AuM”) referred to under Article 3(2) of AIFMD are not exceeded by such AIFM?

What is the scope of the exclusion applicable to gaseous fuels under Article 12(1)(f) of the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818? For instance, does the exclusion apply to biogas or hydrogen activities?

In Article 67, Paragraph 1, crypto asset providers shall at all time have prudential safeguards as the highest of the following;

- the amount of permanent minimum capital requirements indicated in Annex IV
- one quarter of the fixed overheads of the preceding year, reviewed annually

In Paragraph 3, the method to calculate the prudential requirement of one quarter of the fixed overheads of the preceding year, reviewed annually is stated as;

"Crypto-asset service providers shall calculate their fixed overheads for the preceding year, using figures resulting from the applicable accounting framework, by subtracting the following items from the total expenses after distribution of profits to shareholders or members."

When defining "total expenses" in the quoted sentence from Paragraph 3, does it in fact mean the total costs (fixed and variable overheads) after distribution of profits in the income statement for the preceding year, or is it meant to be the total fixed overheads after distribution of profits?

Can natural persons (self-employed individuals) and trusts/trustees be considered as „other undertakings“ for the purpose of authorisation as a CASP?

Are CASPs required to get their financial statements audited on an annual basis in order to calculate their own fund requirements?