If an investment firm (firm A) merely transmits a client’s order for execution to another investment firm (firm B) who uses algorithmic trading, is investment firm A engaged in algorithmic trading?

Does a simple algorithm qualify as algorithmic trading?

What happens to orders remaining on the order book at the moment the tick size increases?

Where a firm is subject to several record keeping and documentation obligations in connection with the provision of investment advice, is the firm required to draft distinct documents or would one document containing the requirements of all of these different documents be sufficient?

In what circumstances should material received by a firm providing independent investment advice or portfolio management services be considered a minor non-monetary benefit under Article 12(3) of the MiFID II Delegated Directive rather than research?