What is the meaning of ‘approval’, as referred to in Article 1(6a), point (b), of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129? Is it an approval which follows a process similar to that envisaged in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/980 for prospectuses, or an approval which follows the process applied by relevant national supervisory authorities under Directive 2004/25/EC?

Does the concept of an underlying for the purposes of Article 26(2)(b) of MiFIR extend to convertible bonds, reverse convertible bonds and reverse convertible notes?

Should economically equivalent contracts traded on a third-country venue be considered EEOTC for position limit and position reporting purposes under MiFID II?

Can an entity linked to a crowdfunding service provider by control as defined in point (35)(b) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU take or have a participation in an offer on the crowdfunding platforms managed by the crowdfunding service provider?

Which types of firm fall within each of the ITS 4 categories for the purposes of the weekly Commitment of Trader (CoT) reports?