Does the new requirement under Article 29(1a) of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 (CSDR), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2023/2845 (CSDR Refit), apply to all issuers to whom a CSD provides services?

Does the requirement also apply to issuers of securities in paper form, if the CSD provides ancillary services to those issuers?

Does the obligation for issuers to obtain and transmit to the CSD a valid legal entity identifier (LEI) apply only to new issuers to whom the CSD provides services, i.e. after the date of entry into force of the requirement?