1a.  Titles II, III, with the exception of Articles 23a, 23b and 23c, IV, V and VI apply only in respect of critical benchmarks, significant benchmarks, EU Climate Transition Benchmarks and EU Paris-aligned Benchmarks.

1b.  By way of derogation from paragraph 1a of this Article, Article 13(1), point (d), and Article 27(2aa) apply to all benchmarks used in the Union provided by administrators that:
(a) are included in the register referred to in Article 36; or
(b) belong to a group with at least one administrator included in the register referred to in Article 36.

1c.  By way of derogation from paragraph 1a of this Article, Article 19 applies to any commodity benchmark based on contributed input data, unless any of the following conditions is fulfilled:
(a) it is a regulated-data benchmark;
(b) it is a benchmark based on submissions by contributors the majority of which are supervised entities;
(c) it is a critical benchmark and the underlying asset is gold, silver or platinum.

(a) a central bank;

(c) a central counterparty (CCP), where it provides reference prices or settlement prices used for CCP risk-management purposes and settlement;

(d) the provision of a single reference price for any financial instrument listed in Section C of Annex I to Directive 2014/65/EU;

(e) the press, other media and journalists where they merely publish or refer to a benchmark as part of their journalistic activities with no control over the provision of that benchmark;

(f) a natural or legal person that grants or promises to grant credit in the course of that person's trade, business or profession, only insofar as that person publishes or makes available to the public that person's own variable or fixed borrowing rates set by internal decisions and applicable only to financial contracts entered into by that person or by a company within the same group with their respective clients;

(g) a commodity benchmark based on submissions from contributors the majority of which are non-supervised entities and in respect of which the total average notional value of financial instruments referencing the benchmark does not exceed EUR 200 million over a period of 12 months;

(h) an index provider in respect of an index provided by said provider where that index provider is unaware and could not reasonably have been aware that that index is used for the purposes referred to in point (3) of Article 3(1);

(i) a spot foreign exchange benchmark which has been designated by the Commission in accordance with 18a(i).