a) With respect to the adequacy of collateral policies and procedures, CCPs should monitor on an on-going basis liquidity, credit risk, and market risk. In order to perform this monitoring, CCPs should have at their disposal at least the following tools:

i. tools to monitor liquidity, such as traded volumes, depth of the order book, bid-offers and central bank liquidity classes;

ii. tools to monitor credit risk, such as the credit monitoring of issuers, credit spreads and ratings; and

iii. tools to monitor market risk, such as price changes, back-tests of the collateral haircuts and implied or realised volatilities.

b) To ensure that the on-going monitoring of market developments is efficient, CCPs should ensure that:

i. they have developed indicators for liquidity, credit risk, and market risk;

ii. the coverage of the indicators is satisfying (e.g. it covers all securities including the least frequently traded, all trade sources, etc.);

iii. the frequency of the review and the timeliness of the information raised by these indicators is adequate;

iv. they have put in place operational processes and a governance process surrounding any review of acceptable collateral resulting from these indicators; and

v. any change of the above is reported to their national competent authority (NCA).

However, this does not mean that CCPs need to have all the possible indicators for each asset class. Instead, this means that the CCPs can demonstrate that the set of indicators in place covers liquidity, credit risk, and market risk.