1. The operation of an APA, a CTP or an ARM as a regular occu­ pation or business shall be subject to prior authorisation by ESMA in accordance with this Title.

By way of derogation from the first subparagraph of this paragraph, an APA or ARM identified in accordance with the delegated act referred to in Article 2(3) shall be subject to prior authorisation and supervision by the relevant national competent authority in accordance with this Title.

2. An investment firm or a market operator operating a trading venue may also provide the services of an APA, a CTP or an ARM, subject to the prior verification by ESMA or the relevant national competent authority that the investment firm or the  market  operator  complies with this Title. The provision of those services  shall  be  included  in their authorisation.

3. ESMA shall establish a register of all data reporting services providers in the Union. The register shall be  publicly  available  and shall contain information on the services for which the data reporting services provider is authorised and it shall be updated on a regular basis.

Where ESMA, or a national competent authority where relevant, has withdrawn an authorisation in accordance with Article 27e, that withdrawal shall be published in the register for a period of five years.

4. Data reporting services providers shall provide their services under the supervision of ESMA or the national competent authority where relevant. ESMA, or the national competent authority where  relevant, shall regularly review the compliance of data  reporting  services providers with this Title. ESMA, or the national competent authority where relevant, shall monitor that data reporting services providers comply at all times with the conditions for initial authorisation established under this Title.