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Can persons who are authorized in writing by the issuer to offer crypto-assets to the public conduct this activity on a commercial basis, continuously, repeatedly, and possibly for different issuers (whether concurrently or consecutively) without having a MiCA CASP license for the crypto-asset service 'placing of crypto-assets'?

Should the business model whereby a crypto-asset service provider (CASP) provides exchange services but only ever allows clients to collect their balance in fiat currency be allowed?

The regulation applies to managers of alternative investment funds according to Article 2, point (k) of DORA. According to Article 3, (point 44), of DORA a manager of alternative investment funds is defined as “a manager of alternative investment funds as defined in Article 4(1), point (b), of Directive 2011/61/EU”.
According to Article 4(1), point (b), of Directive 2011/61/EU (AIFM Directive) “AIFMs’ means legal persons whose regular business is managing one or more AIFs”. We are of the understanding that Article 4(1), point (b), does not exclude non-EU AIFM. EU AIFM and non-EU AIFM are defined in Article 4(1), point (L) and point (ab). Since DORA only refers to article 4(1), point (b), of the AIFM Directive and not to article 4(1), point (L), we are wondering if DORA applies to both EU and non-EU AIFM as the definition implies.

Is the preparation of a white paper under MiCA mandatory for crypto-asset offerings that fall under the exceptions in Article 4(2) and 4(3) of MiCA, where the offeror only intends to have the token traded on DEX platforms or CEXs in other jurisdictions (i.e. outside the European Union)?

a. Regarding the new post-trade deferral regime categories 3 and 4 for bonds: Which of the following publications (i.e., price-deferred trade, volume-deferred trade or both) will be required to contain the flags ‘LLF3’ and ‘LIF4’? (Please see Draft RTS 2, paragraph 78 on page 29 and Annex II, Table III on page 160).

b. Regarding the new post-trade deferral regime for ETCs, ETNs and SFPs: Which of the following publications (i.e., price-deferred trade, volume-deferred trade or both) will be required to contain the flag ‘DEFF’? (Please see Draft RTS 2, Annex II, Table III on page 161).