The working paper proposes new measures for systemic risk in the hedge fund sector. These measures are based on the ability of hedge funds to influence (be influenced by) the performance trend of the entire hedge fund sector. The proposed measures display a high ability to identify periods of financial distress, are robust to modifications in the underlying econometric model and deliver an innovation in the monitoring of systemic risks in the fund industry.

Unauthorised use of ESMA’s identity and logo

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has been informed that its identity and logo have been used in communications targeting company employees in order to request the transfer of company money.

In addition, ESMA has been informed that attempts were made to use the name of a senior member of ESMA staff also for the purpose of fraudulent scams targeting a savings bank and a listed issuer.

Please note that all references to ESMA or any ESMA employees in these communications, which do not originate from ESMA, are entirely false and have been made without ESMA’s knowledge or consent.

In order to protect yourself against these unauthorised communications, ESMA advises you:

• To check whether the e-mail received is genuine;
• To inform your superior in case of suspicious e-mails;
• To contact ESMA if any suspicion arises;
• To contact the police;

Be aware that fraudsters might use ESMA’s name, logo or the name of an ESMA staff member, a bogus website which appears to be that of ESMA, and/or make bogus references to people said to work in ESMA. Be aware of the following when making your checks:

• ESMA is a European Supervisory Authority established by a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council;
• ESMA is based in Paris, France and has no affiliates or branch offices elsewhere;
• ESMA’s emails end with the address @esma.europa.eu;
• ESMA’s telephone number begins with the prefix +33 for France, no other prefix is valid;
• ESMA’s official website can be found at www.esma.europa.eu